考研

1. 主谓宾结构

①父亲在要求儿子好好学习。

A father is asking his son to study hard.

②父亲和儿子一起学习。

A father and his son are studying together.

③该图画反映了榜样的重要性。

The picture reflects/shows the importance of example//role model.

以上三个句子，虽然简单，但是要完全写对还是会有许多易错点。比如，名词我们需要考虑是否加冠词以及单复数问题，动词我们需要考虑时态以及主谓一致问题。每次提醒自己检查每个句子的名词动词易错点至少可以帮助你挽回1-2分的损失。

2. there be 句型

①父亲在要求儿子好好学习。

There is a father asking his son to study hard.

②父亲和儿子一起学习。

There is a father and his son studying together.

There be 表示有……，是常见的基本句型，结构为there is/are +名词短语+介词短语/V-ing结构。在写作过程中要注意把后面的动作变成非谓语。此外， there be结构遵循的是就近修饰的原则，所以谓语动词单复数根据离它最近的名词决定。

3. 定语从句

①父亲(悠闲地看着电视，)在要求儿子好好学习。

A father who is watching TV in a relaxing way is asking his son to study hard.

②一人(坐在地上，略带沮丧，)说：“累了，我不爬了。”另一人(背着包，脸上挂着笑容，)回答：“别呀!休息一下再接着爬。”

One man who is sitting on the ground and feeling upset says : “I am too tired to climb further.” Another man who is wearing a bag and smiling replies “ let’s have a break and continue to climbing.”

定语即修饰名词的从句，一般放在名词后面。所以定语从句写法如下：1.找出定语和名词 2.选择合适的从属连词，that一般指人或者物，which 指物，who指人 3.写成名词+that/which/who+谓语+宾语。定语从句是修饰作用，是让语言变得多样的有效手段。

4. N+V-ing短语做后置定语

A father watching TV in a relaxing way is asking his son to study hard. Another man wearing a bag and smiling replies “ let’s have a break and continue to climbing.”

N+V-ing短语的方式可以替换定语从句，不过需要用在主动的动作。此外，在写作时要注意如果句子中没有引导从句的词则只能有一组谓语动词，所以用V-ing这种非谓语形式以后，后面记得要补充上谓语动词。